Cruz-Ruano, D.
García-Carvajal, S.
López-Ayuso, C. A.
Nicho, M. E.
Hernández-Martínez, D.
Pérez, M. Fuentes
Hernández-Guadarrama, A.
Arenas-Arrocena, M. C.
Article History
Received: 15 August 2025
Revised: 30 November 2025
Accepted: 28 December 2025
First Online: 12 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study presents several limitations related to technical and economic constraints. The characterization was conducted using the techniques available in our laboratory, which limited the inclusion of additional methods that could have complemented the analysis. Some measurements on homogeneous powder samples (FTIR, XRD, DRS, and TGA) were performed without statistical replication, given the intrinsic uniformity of these materials and the need to optimize instrument time and resources. Finally, the work was carried out solely at a laboratory scale, and the reproducibility of the process at larger scales was not assessed. Future studies may address these limitations by incorporating additional techniques and evaluating the materials under broader conditions.