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Article History

Received: 21 August 2025

Revised: 24 December 2025

Accepted: 16 February 2026

First Online: 24 February 2026

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: The study protocol was formally approved by the Institutional Review Board, confirming that all research activities adhered fully to ethical standards and regulatory requirements. This approval reflects the authors’ commitment to conducting responsible and ethical research.

: Since the study did not involve human participants or animal testing, no consent was required. The research was explicitly designed to comply with ethical guidelines that preclude such involvement.

: This manuscript is an original work that has not been published previously and is not under consideration elsewhere. It contains new, unpublished findings and is free of copyright restrictions, making it suitable for publication.