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Authors
Parmar, Neha
Singh, Randhir
Tyagi, Anuj
Kaur, Simranpreet
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Indian Council of Medical Research
Indian Council of Agricultural Research
Rashtriya Krishi Vikas Yojana
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Article History
Received: 27 March 2025
Revised: 25 July 2025
Accepted: 15 September 2025
First Online: 4 October 2025
Declarations
: The present work has not been published anywhere and all authors are aware of the submission of present work.
: The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
: The study received ethical approval from a recognized ethics committee (Dayanand Medical College, Ludhiana-Reference no: DMCH/R&D/2021/7, Dated: 20th January, 2021) for human sample collection. Sample collection from human participants was non-invasive and the participation was entirely voluntary. Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. Ethical approval was not sought for sample collection from cattle as the freshly laid cattle faeces were collected from farms and no invasive technique was used on farm animals.
