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Article History

Received: 21 October 2024

Accepted: 29 March 2025

First Online: 15 April 2025

Declarations

:

: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki and the International Conference on Harmonization Guidelines for Good Clinical Practice. A draft of the study was submitted to the Ethics Committee of the Hannover Medical School (Application 11291_BO_K_2024, date March 1, 2024). The Ethics Committee advised that the retrospective analysis of anonymized clinical data does not require ethical approval according to German law. All participants provided written consent for inclusion in the RHADAR database and for analysis of their pseudonymised data.

: No part of this manuscript, including text and graphics, has been copied, submitted or previously published, either in whole or in part or in any language, except for partial data publication in congress abstracts (see below). The authors declare that no artificial intelligence (AI) tools were used during the writing and editing process of this manuscript.

: LR declares that he has received travel and meeting support from Abbvie, Boehringer, Biocon Biologics Germany GmbH and speaking fees from Novartis. TW received honoraria for lectures from Abbvie, Amgen, BMS, Celgene, Fresenius Kabi, Galapagos, Janssen, Lilly, Medac, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, UCB. ME received payment for data analysis from RHADAR and consulting fees from Abbvie and RHADAR as well as speaker fees and honoraria for lectures from Sanofi, Swedish orphan Biovitrum and Abbvie. ME leadership or fiduciary role from Chugai. P-PS received speaker’s fees and travel grants from Janssen-Cilag Galapagos, Eli Lilly, Boehringer/Ingelheim and AbbVie less than $10,000 each as well as research funding from Chugai 25000$. MF received speaker’s fees, travel grants or compensation for board memberships from AbbVie, Amgen, AstraZeneca, Novartis, Janssen, Hexal, Pfizer, Takeda, UCB and Eli Lilly. MS received speaker’s fees, travel grants, research funding, or compensation for consultancies or board memberships from AbbVie, Actelion, AstraZeneca, BMS, Boehringer/Ingelheim, Celgene, Chugai/Roche, Eli Lilly, Genzyme, Gilead, Hexal/Sandoz, Janssen-Cilag, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi Pasteur, Takeda Shire, UCB less than $ 10,000 each. MG received travel grants, compensation for advisory boards or speaker’s fees from AbbVie, Chugai, Eli Lilly, Hexal, Janssen, Novartis, Pfizer, Takeda. PBB declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. CvdD received travel grants from Galapagos and Abbvie. KK received speaker fees from Abbvie and UCB. GG received speaker fees and travel grants from Abbvie, Janssen, Galapagos, and Lilly. SS-M received speaker fees from Abbvie, Astra Zeneca, Boerhringer-Ingelheim, BMS, Galapagos, GSK, Lilly, MSD, Novartis, Pfizer, Sanofi, UCB. CK declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. WV declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. MW declares that the research was conducted in the absence of any commercial or financial relationships that could be construed as a potential conflict of interest. SK received grants from Abbvie, Novartis, and sparrow for phase 2/3 clinical trials and cosulting or speaker fees from Abbvie, Celgene, Chugai, Galapagos, Novartis, and Siemens Healthineers.