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Authors
Rusinovich-Lovgach, Olga https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0714-7841
Plaza, Zulema https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8401-931X
Fernández-Castro, Mónica https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4081-2751
Rosas-Gómez de Salazar, Jose
Martínez-Taboada, Victor M. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2916-8491
Olive, Alejandro
Menor-Almagro, Raúl
Serrano-Benavente, Belen
Font-Urgelles, Judit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4046-6214
Garcia-Aparicio, Angel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-843X
Manrique-Arija, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-7846
Garcia-Vadillo, Jesús Alberto https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-8364
Lopez-Gonzalez, Ruth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5014-6302
Narvaez-García, Javier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-8064
Rodriguez-Lozano, Beatriz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1325-7441
Galisteo, Carlos
Gonzalez-Martin, Jorge Juan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3169-0206
Vela-Casasempere, Paloma https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8566-5172
Rabadán, Elena
Naranjo, Antonio
Paredes-Romero, Beatriz https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-1810
Riancho-Zarrabeitia, Leyre
Melchor-Diaz, Sheila https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2327-8673
Altabás, Irene
Heredia, Sergi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0911-5077
Moriano, Clara
Blazquez-Cañamero, Angeles https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4112-6254
Estrada-Alarcón, Paula https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9827-5680
Judez, Enrique https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-9900
Alcorta-Lorenzo, Nerea
Martínez-Pérez, Rosalía
Sánchez-Alonso, Fernando https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1189-2380
Andréu, José Luis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-1239
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Sociedad Española de Reumatología (Sociedad Española de Reumatología)
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Article History
Received: 28 May 2025
Accepted: 19 July 2025
First Online: 6 August 2025
Declarations
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: None.
: The study was conducted in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki in its latest revision and adhered to international standards for epidemiological research, including the International Guidelines for Ethical Review of Epidemiological Studies (Council for the International Organizations of Medical Sciences– CIOMS, Geneva, 1991) and the recommendations of the Spanish Society of Epidemiology (SEE) regarding the ethical review of such studies. In compliance with these standards, the study was reviewed and approved by an independent Research Ethics Committee. Specifically, ethical approval was granted by the Medical Research Ethics Committee of Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda (Madrid, Spain) on July 15, 2021 (Protocol No. 12/2021), which served as the reference IRB corresponding to the principal investigator’s institution. The study was also submitted for evaluation to the respective IRBs of all participating centers. Additionally, official authorization was obtained from the management of each participating hospital, in accordance with Order SAS/3470/2009, regulating observational studies in Spain.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants during face-to-face clinical interviews, and it was an essential prerequisite for inclusion in the study. All investigators involved signed a formal commitment outlining their responsibilities and obligations.
: Language and translation editing assistance was provided using ChatGPT (OpenAI, GPT-4). The authors carefully reviewed and revised all AI-generated texts to ensure scientific accuracy and compliance with journal standards.
