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Authors
Kidoguchi, Genki https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0558-8814
Yoshida, Yusuke https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0774-0509
Omura, Satoshi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9187-2044
Nakagomi, Daiki https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-9799
Abe, Yoshiyuki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1014-2868
Wada, Makoto
Takizawa, Naoho https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3744-3537
Nomura, Atsushi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8194-6273
Kukida, Yuji https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4074-4533
Kondo, Naoya
Takagi, Hirosuke
Endo, Koji
Azuma, Naoto https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4773-1535
Takeuchi, Tohru https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0065-929X
Fukui, Shoichi
Kamada, Kazuro
Yanai, Ryo
Matsuo, Yusuke
Shimojima, Yasuhiro https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7100-1121
Nishioka, Ryo
Okazaki, Ryota
Takata, Tomoaki https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2959-6015
Moriyama, Mayuko
Takatani, Ayuko
Miyawaki, Yoshia https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6981-3443
Shirai, Tsuyoshi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6295-3494
Dobashi, Hiroaki https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2944-5583
Ito, Takafumi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0677-6566
Matsumoto, Isao https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7995-9294
Takada, Toshihiko https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8032-6224
Kawahito, Yutaka https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3860-0488
Ito-Ihara, Toshiko https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7152-3026
Kida, Takashi https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5740-8352
Yajima, Nobuyuki https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8292-3962
Kawaguchi, Takashi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2446-7716
Hirata, Shintaro https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2474-9943
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Hiroshima University
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Article History
Received: 25 June 2025
Accepted: 12 October 2025
First Online: 12 November 2025
Declarations
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: Y. Yoshida has received speaker honoraria from Eisai, Asahi Kasei Pharma, Daiichi-Sankyo, AstraZeneca, Boehringer Ingelheim, AbbVie, Astellas Pharma, and Taisho Pharmaceutical. S. S. Omura has received speaker honoraria from Janssen Pharmaceutical and UCB Japan. H. Takagi has received speaker honoraria from Asahi-Kasei Pharma, Astellas Pharma, and Kissei Pharmaceutical, and travel/accommodation support from Asahi-Kasei Pharma, Chugai Pharmaceutical, and Kissei Pharmaceutical. N. Azuma has received speaker honoraria from Eli Lilly Japan and a research grant from Asahi Kasei Pharma. I. Matsumoto has received speaker honoraria from Asahi Kasei Pharma, Bristol Myers Squibb, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Eli Lilly Japan, Eisai, Boehringer Ingelheim Japan, Astellas Pharma, UCB Japan, and GlaxoSmithKline. T. Ito-Ihara has received speaker honoraria from Teijin Pharma and travel support from Kissei Pharmaceutical. S. Hirata has received speaker’s fees, consultancy fees, or research grants from AbbVie, Asahi-Kasei Pharma, Astellas Pharma, AstraZeneca, Ayumi Pharmaceutical, Bristol Myers Squibb, Boehringer Ingelheim, Chugai Pharmaceutical, Daiichi-Sankyo, Eisai, Eli Lilly Japan, Gilead Sciences, GlaxoSmithKline, Janssen Pharmaceutical, Nihon-Shinyaku, Novartis, Otsuka Pharmaceutical, Pfizer, Taisho Pharmaceutical, Mitsubishi Tanabe Pharma, and UCB Japan. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: Ethical approval was granted by the Ethics Committee for Epidemiological Research at Hiroshima University on June 2, 2021 (approval number: E-2021–2465) and by the Institutional Review Board or Ethics Committee of each participating institution. The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Informed consent from patients whose information was used was obtained via an opt-out form on a website, and those who did not consent were excluded from the study.
