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Authors
Aljohani, Roaa https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3201-1308
Alenzi, Fahidah https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8495-9064
Allem, Alaa https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8106-8602
Aljabri, Jawaher
Alharbi, Samar https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0904-0514
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Article History
Received: 30 January 2026
Accepted: 15 March 2026
First Online: 24 March 2026
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: Ethical approval was obtained from the Research Ethics Committee (CM-REC), College of Medicine, Taibah University, Medina, Saudi Arabia (Study ID: TU-25-044; IRB No. IRB00010413; approval date: 15 May 2025).
: An artificial intelligence–assisted language tool (ChatGPT, OpenAI) was used solely for language editing and stylistic refinement. All scientific content, analyses, and interpretations were performed and verified by the authors, who take full responsibility for the integrity of the work.
