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Authors
Avcu, Aysegul https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6016-0140
Gezer, Halise Hande https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8790-304X
Duruöz, Mehmet Tuncay https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3584-2788
Bıcakcı, Ece https://orcid.org/0009-0009-5404-1629
Özkaya, Şeyma Çolakoğlu https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0103-5734
Bugdayci, Onur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6011-2720
Biyikli, Erhan https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7530-731X
Atagündüz, Pamir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6393-7461
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Article History
Received: 7 February 2026
Accepted: 27 April 2026
First Online: 8 May 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.
: The study protocol was approved by the Marmara University Faculty of Medicine Ethics Committee (approval no. 09.2019.576; approval date: September 2019). The study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all participants attending the prospective study visit.
: We did not receive any professional editing support from an external agency. However, we used an AI-based tool solely for language refinement purposes. AI-assisted language editing support was used during manuscript revision (platform: ChatGPT, OpenAI; model: GPT-5.4 Thinking; accessed in April 2026). The tool was used only to improve language, grammar, and readability. The edited text was carefully reviewed, revised as needed, and approved by the authors. The authors take full responsibility for the accuracy, originality, and integrity of the final manuscript.
: This manuscript is original, has not been published previously in whole or in part, and is not under consideration for publication elsewhere. There is no prior congress abstract publication related to this work.
