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Authors
Rusinovich-Lovgach, Olga https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0714-7841
Plaza, Zulema https://orcid.org/0009-0001-8401-931X
Andréu, José Luis https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6002-1239
Rosas, José https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3916-6046
Taboada, Victor M. Martínez https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2916-8491
Olive, Alejandro
Almagro, Raúl Menor
Benavente, Belén Serrano
Font-Urgelles, Judit https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4046-6214
Garcia-Aparicio, Ángel https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1184-843X
Manrique-Arija, Sara https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2284-7846
Vadillo, Jesús Alberto Garcia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3262-8364
Lopez-Gonzalez, Ruth https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5014-6302
Narváez, Javier https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1614-8064
Lozano, Mª Beatriz Rodriguez https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1325-7441
Galisteo, Carlos
Martin, Jorge Juan Gonzalez https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3169-0206
Vela-Casasempere, Paloma https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8566-5172
Bohorquez, Cristina
Erausquin, Celia
Romero, Mª Beatriz Paredes https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0911-1810
Riancho-Zarrabeitia, Leyre
Diaz, Sheila Melchor https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2327-8673
Altabás, Irene
Heredia, Sergi https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0911-5077
Moriano, Clara
Cáceres, Boris Blanco https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4896-7011
Estrada-Alarcón, Paula https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9827-5680
Judez, Enrique https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3274-9900
Belzungui, Joaquín
Loricera, Javier https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4754-0277
Ramos, Consuelo
Alonso, Fernando Sánchez https://orcid.org/0009-0000-1189-2380
Castro, Mónica Fernández https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4081-2751
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Sociedad Española de Reumatología
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Article History
Received: 5 March 2026
Accepted: 13 May 2026
First Online: 1 June 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no conflicts of interest.
: This work was presented at the Congress of the Madrid Society of Rheumatology (SORCOM), December 2025 (oral communication), and accepted for presentation at the Spanish National Rheumatology Congress, May 2026 (poster). No DOI is currently available.
: The study was approved by the Research Ethics Committee with Medicines (CEIm) of Hospital Universitario Puerta de Hierro Majadahonda (Madrid, Spain) (protocol code: SjögrenSER PROS; version 2.0, June 14, 2021; approval date June 21, 2021; Act No. 12/2021). The study was conducted across multiple participating centers in Spain. The study was conducted across multiple participating centers in Spain under this centralized ethics approval framework, and all participating centers adhered to local ethical and regulatory requirements. All procedures were performed in accordance with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki and applicable national regulations. All participants provided written informed consent prior to inclusion. Data collection and processing complied with applicable data protection regulations, including Regulation (EU) 2016/679 (General Data Protection Regulation).
: This manuscript is original, has not been published previously, and is not under consideration elsewhere in whole or in part. No part of this report has been copied from previously published work or generated autonomously by artificial intelligence. Any AI-assisted language editing was critically reviewed, revised, and approved by the authors.
: Language and translation editing assistance was provided using ChatGPT (OpenAI, GPT-4). The authors carefully reviewed and revised all AI-generated texts to ensure scientific accuracy and compliance with journal standards.
: The anonymized dataset supporting the findings of this study is not publicly available due to institutional and ethical restrictions but can be requested through the Spanish Society of Rheumatology and will be made available by the corresponding author upon reasonable request.
