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Authors
Estrada, Patrícia Fonseca https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2871-8992
Cavalcante, Marcos Rafael Nogueira https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1005-6715
de Souza Santos, Itamar https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3212-8466
Brunoni, Andre Russowsky https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6310-3571
Meneghini, Vandrize https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2787-6841
Tebar, William Rodrigues https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6192-4667
Lotufo, Paulo Andrade https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4856-8450
de Carvalho Goulart, Alessandra https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1076-5210
Bensenor, Isabela Judith Martins https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6723-5678
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universidade De São Paulo
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Article History
Received: 7 August 2026
Accepted: 16 October 2026
First Online: 5 November 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have influenced the work reported in this article.
Ethical approval: The ELSA-Brasil study was approved by the research ethics committees of all six participating institutions. All procedures were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional research committees and the Declaration of Helsinki and its subsequent amendments.
Consent to participate: All participants provided written informed consent before enrollment in ELSA-Brasil.
