Funding for this research was provided by:
Environment and Climate Change Canada
Banrock Station Environmental Fund
Canadian Association of Zoos and Aquariums
Canadian Wildlife Federation
Hauser Bears
Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (261231-2013, 305472-2013)
Polar Bears International
Polar Continental Shelf Project of Natural Resources Canada
Quark Expeditions
United States Department of the Interior
World Wildlife Fund Canada
Article History
Received: 13 November 2018
Revised: 10 June 2019
Accepted: 9 July 2019
First Online: 19 July 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose.
: All applicable international, national, and/or institutional guidelines for the care and use of animals were followed.