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Article History

Received: 28 December 2017

Revised: 26 March 2018

Accepted: 27 March 2018

First Online: 7 June 2018

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Prof. Dr. Wieland Sommer.

: The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies:M.F.F. disclosed no relevant relationships.V.H. has received honoraria from Merck KGaA, Roche AG, Amgen, Sanofi, SIRTEX and BAXALTA and has received travel support from Merck KGaA, Roche AG, Amgen, SIRTEX and Baxalta and has served on advisory boards for Merck KGaA, Roche AG, Amgen, Sanofi, Lilly, SIRTEX, Böhringer Ingelheim, Baxalta, Taiho and Merrimack.W.H.S. disclosed no relevant relationships.J.W.H. has received travel support from Novartis and has served on advisory boards for Roche.F.S. disclosed no relevant relationships.N.H. has received financial support from Merck KGaA.A.B.B. has received financial support from Merck KGaA.W.G.K. disclosed no relevant relationships.M.F.R. disclosed no relevant relationships.J.R. disclosed no relevant relationships.M.D. disclosed no relevant relationships.S.S. has received honoraria for talks, advisory boards and travel expenses by Roche, Merck KgaA, Amgen, Bayer, Lilly, Sanofi and Sirtex.D. P. M. has received honoraria from Merck KGaA, Amgen, Bayer, Servier and Roche and travel support from Merck KGaA, Roche, Amgen, Bayer, Sanofi, Servier.P.M.K. disclosed no relevant relationships.F.O.H. disclosed no relevant relationships.

: One of the authors has significant statistical expertise.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.

: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.

: Some FIRE-3 study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in several journals, e.g. Heinemann et al. [].However, results concerning HU-attenuation of liver metastases in this trial have not been published in another journal before.

: • retrospective• multicentre study