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Article History

Received: 20 August 2018

Revised: 22 November 2018

Accepted: 14 December 2018

First Online: 4 February 2019

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Prof. Claudio Franceschi.

: The authors declare that they have no conflict of interest.

: Two of the authors have significant statistical expertise.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.

: Institutional review board approval was obtained. The study protocol was approved by the Independent Ethics Committee of the Sant’ Orsola-Malpighi Hospital Bologna (Italy), the National Research Ethics Committee–East of England (UK), the Wageningen University Medical Ethics Committee (Netherlands), the Bioethics Committee of the Polish National Food and Nutrition Institute (Poland), and the South-East 6 Person Protection Committee (France). All study procedures were in accordance with the ethical standards of the Helsinki Declaration.

: Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in the following:Marseglia A, Xu W, Fratiglioni L, Fabbri C, Berendsen AAM, Bialecka-Debek A, et al (2018) Effect of the NU-AGE diet on cognitive functioning in older adults: a randomized controlled trial. Front Physiol. 9:349. .Athanasopoulou S, Chondrogianni N, Santoro A, Asimaki K, Delitsikou V, Voutetakis K, et al (2018) Beneficial effects of elderly tailored Mediterranean diet on the proteasomal proteolysis. Front Physiol. 9:457. .Jennings A, Cashman KD, Gillings R, Cassidy A, Tang J, Fraser W, et al (2018) A Mediterranean-like dietary pattern with vitamin D3 (10 μg/d) supplements reduced the rate of bone loss in older Europeans with osteoporosis at baseline: results of a 1-y randomized controlled trial. Am J Clin Nutr. .

: • prospective• cross-sectional study• multicenter study