Ramanathan, Ramshanker http://orcid.org/0000-0001-7794-9183
Dey, Damini
Nørgaard, Bjarne L.
Goeller, Markus
Bjerrum, Ida S.
Antulov, Ronald
Diederichsen, Axel C. P.
Sidelmann, Johannes J.
Gram, Jørgen B.
Sand, Niels Peter R.
Funding for this research was provided by:
Cardiac Research Fund, Department of Cardiology, Hospital of South West Denmark, Esbjerg Denmark (Not available)
Institute of Regional Health Research: Centre South West Jutland, Hospital of South West Denmak, Esbjerg, Denmark (Not available)
Institute of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark (Not available)
Edith and Vagn Hedeggard Jensen Foundation, Esbjerg, Denmark (Not available)
Karola J?rgensens Research Foundation, Esbjerg, Denmark (Not available)
Fonden til L?gevidenskabens Fremme (J-L-0105)
Article History
Received: 27 October 2018
Revised: 27 January 2019
Accepted: 8 February 2019
First Online: 26 March 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Dr. Niels Peter R. Sand, PhD, Department of Cardiology, University Hospital of Southern Denmark, Esbjerg, and Department of Regional Health Research, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark.
: The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies: Dr. Bjarne L. Nørgaard has received research grant from Siemens, Edwards Lifesciences and Heartflow. Dr. Damini Dey is a patent-holder of Autoplaque research software and receives royalties from Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA. All other authors have reported that they have no relationships relevant to the contents of this paper to disclose.
: Ramshanker Ramanathan and Damini Dey performed the statistical analyses. Statistician Pia V. Larsen, Department of Public Health, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, provided statistical advice.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study. All procedures performed in the study were conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the Regional Scientific Ethics Committee for Southern Denmark and with the ethical guidelines of the 1975 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.
: The study protocol was approved by the Regional Scientific Ethics Committee for Southern Denmark, reference number: S20080140 and S20130169 (45023).
: Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in the following papers: [1–9]. The study subjects recruited in the current study were part of the Danish Risk Score Study (the DanRisk study) conducted in 2009/2010 with follow-up examinations performed in 2015. The DanRisk study was a multicenter study involving four regional centers (Odense, Esbjerg, Vejle, and Svendborg).The current study is based on follow-up examinations on asymptomatic male study subjects from one study center, Esbjerg, who were free of cardiovascular disease (CVD), diabetes, and any medication at baseline. The current study differs from the other studies by examining the carotid plaque composition by computed tomography angiography (CTA) and by comparing these findings with carotid plaque by ultrasound. In addition, this is the first study from DanRisk focusing on CTA.[1] A.C. Diederichsen, N.P. Sand, B. Norgaard, J. Lambrechtsen, J.M. Jensen, H. Munkholm, A. Aziz, O. Gerke, K. Egstrup, M.L. Larsen, H. Petersen, P.F. Hoilund-Carlsen, H. Mickley, Discrepancy between coronary artery calcium score and HeartScore in middle-aged Danes: the DanRisk study, European journal of preventive cardiology 19(3) (2012) 558–64.[2] I.S. Bjerrum, N.P. Sand, M.K. Poulsen, B.L. Norgaard, J.J. Sidelmann, A. Johansen, H. Mickley, A.C. Diederichsen, Non-invasive assessments reveal that more than half of randomly selected middle-aged individuals have evidence of subclinical atherosclerosis: a DanRisk substudy, The international journal of cardiovascular imaging 29(2) (2013) 301–8.[3] R. Ramanathan, J.B. Gram, N.P.R. Sand, B.L. Norgaard, A.C.P. Diederichsen, F. Vitzthum, H. Schwarz, J.J. Sidelmann, Factor VII-activating protease: sex-related association with coronary artery calcification, Blood coagulation & fibrinolysis: an international journal in haemostasis and thrombosis 28(7) (2017) 558–563.[4] R. Ramanathan, N.P.R. Sand, J.J. Sidelmann, B.L. Norgaard, J.B. Gram, Sex difference in clot lysability and association to coronary artery calcification, Biol Sex Differ 9(1) (2018) 9.[5] S.Z. Diederichsen, M.H. Gronhoj, H. Mickley, O. Gerke, F.H. Steffensen, J. Lambrechtsen, N.P. Ronnow Sand, L.M. Rasmussen, M.H. Olsen, A. Diederichsen, CT-Detected Growth of Coronary Artery Calcification in Asymptomatic Middle-Aged Subjects and Association With 15 Biomarkers, JACC. Cardiovascular imaging 10(8) (2017) 858–866.[6] J. Lambrechtsen, O. Gerke, K. Egstrup, N.P. Sand, B.L. Norgaard, H. Petersen, H. Mickley, A.C. Diederichsen, The relation between coronary artery calcification in asymptomatic subjects and both traditional risk factors and living in the city centre: a DanRisk substudy, Journal of internal medicine 271(5) (2012) 444–50.[7] M.H. Sorensen, O. Gerke, J. Eugen-Olsen, H. Munkholm, J. Lambrechtsen, N.P. Sand, H. Mickley, L.M. Rasmussen, M.H. Olsen, A. Diederichsen, Soluble urokinase plasminogen activator receptor is in contrast to high-sensitive C-reactive-protein associated with coronary artery calcifications in healthy middle-aged subjects, Atherosclerosis 237(1) (2014) 60–6.[8] M.Z. Diederichsen, S.Z. Diederichsen, H. Mickley, F.H. Steffensen, J. Lambrechtsen, N.P.R. Sand, K.L. Christensen, M.H. Olsen, A. Diederichsen, M.H. Gronhoj, Prognostic value of suPAR and hs-CRP on cardiovascular disease, Atherosclerosis 271 (2018) 245–251.[9] M.H. Gronhoj, O. Gerke, H. Mickley, F.H. Steffensen, J. Lambrechtsen, N.P.R. Sand, L.M. Rasmussen, M.H. Olsen, A. Diederichsen, Associations between calcium-phosphate metabolism and coronary artery calcification; a cross-sectional study of a middle-aged general population, Atherosclerosis 251 (2016) 101–108.
: • prospective• cross-sectional study/observational• performed at one institution