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Article History

Received: 5 June 2019

Revised: 10 September 2019

Accepted: 2 October 2019

First Online: 10 December 2019

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: The scientific guarantor of this publication is David S. Lu, MD.

: The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies:David Lu, MD., has received funding for education and research, or consulting from Rita Medical, Boston Scientific, Covidien, and NeuWave Medical.

: No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.

: Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.

: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.

: Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in:1. Lee MW, Raman SS, Asvadi NH, Siripongsakun S, Hicks RM, Chen J, Worakitsitisatorn A, McWilliams J, Tong MJ, Finn RS, Agopian VG, Busuttil RW, Lu DSK. Radiofrequency ablation of hepatocellular carcinoma as bridge therapy to liver transplantation: A 10-year intention-to-treat analysis. Hepatology. 2017 Jun;65(6):1979-1990. doi: 10.1002/hep.29098. Epub 2017 Apr 28. PubMed PMID: 28170115.Above study included patients who were listed for liver transplantation only and all tumor locations within the liver, while the current manuscript addresses only subcapsular HCC subjects, with majority not liver transplant candidates.2. Thamtorawat S, Hicks RM, Yu J, Siripongsakun S, Lin WC, Raman SS, McWilliamsJP, Douek M, Bahrami S, Lu DS. Preliminary Outcome of Microwave Ablation of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: Breaking the 3-cm Barrier? J Vasc Interv Radiol. 2016 May;27(5):623-30. doi: 10.1016/j.jvir.2016.01.011. Epub 2016 Mar 21. PubMed PMID: 27013403.Above article included only microwave ablation patients but all liver treatment sites, while the current manuscript addresses only subcapsular locations and includes both microwave and radiofrequency ablation subjects.

: • Retrospective• Observational• Performed at one institution