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Article History

Received: 27 October 2019

Revised: 22 January 2020

Accepted: 21 February 2020

First Online: 26 March 2020

Compliance with ethical standards

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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Mr. Tobias Penzkofer.

: The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies:Dr. Penzkofer reports research agreements (no personal payments, outside of submitted work) with AGO, Aprea AB, ARCAGY-GINECO, Astellas Pharma Global Inc. (APGD), Astra Zeneca, Clovis Oncology, Inc., Dohme Corp, Holaira, Incyte Corporation, Karyopharm, Lion Biotechnologies, Inc., MedImmune, Merck Sharp, Millennium Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Morphotec Inc., NovoCure Ltd., PharmaMar S.A. and PharmaMar USA, Inc., Roche, Siemens Healthineers, TESARO Inc.Prof. Hamm reports agreements (grant money to the Department of Radiology, Charité Berlin) with the following companies or non-profit organizations: Abbott, AbbVie, Ablative Solutions, Accovion, Achaogen Inc., Actelion Pharmaceuticals, ADIR, Aesculap, AGO, AIF Arbeitsgemeinschaft industrieller Forschungsvereinigungen, AIO: Arbeitsgemeinschaft Internistische Onkologie, Alexion Pharmaceuticals, Amgen, AO Foundation, Arena Pharmaceiticals, ARMO Biosciences, Inc., art photonics GmbH Berlin, ASR Advanced sleep research, Astellas, AstraZeneca, BARD, Bayer Healthcare, Bayer Schering Pharma, Bayer Vital, BBraun (Sponsoring eines Workshops), Berlin-Brandenburger Centrum für Regenerative Therapien (BCRT), Berliner Krebsgesellschaft, Biotronik, Bioven, BMBF, Boehring Ingelheimer, Boston Biomedical Inc., BRACCO Group, Brainsgate, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Cascadian Therapeutics, Inc., Celgene, CELLACT Pharma, Celldex Therapeutics, CeloNova BioSciences, Charité research organisation GmbH, Chiltern, CLOVIS ONCOLOGY, INC., Covance, CUBIST, CureVac AG, Tübingen, Curis, Daiichi, DC Devices, Inc. USA, Delcath Systems, Dermira Inc., Deutsche Krebshilfe, Deutsche Rheuma Liga, DFG, DSM Nutritional Products AG, Dt. Stiftung für Herzforschung, Dynavax, Eisai Ltd., European Knowledge Centre, Mosquito Way, Hatfield, Eli Lilly and Company Ltd., EORTC, Epizyme, Inc., Essex Pharma, EU Programmes, Euroscreen S.A., Fibrex Medical Inc., Focused Ultrasound Surgery Foundation, Fraunhofer Gesellschaft, Galena Biopharma, Galmed Research and Development Ltd., Ganymed, GE, Genentech. Inc., GETNE (Grupo Español de Tumores Neuroendocrinos), Gilead Sciences, Inc., Glaxo Smith Kline, Glycotope GmbH, Berlin, Goethe Uni Frankfurt, Guerbet, Guidant Europe NV, Halozyme, Hewlett Packard GmbH, Holaira Inc., ICON (CRO), Idera Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Ignyta, Inc., Immunomedics Inc., Immunocore, Incyte, INC Research, Innate Pharma, InSightec Ltd., Inspiremd, inVentiv Health Clinical UK Ltd., Inventivhealth, IOMEDICO, IONIS, IPSEN Pharma, IQVIA, ISA Therapeutics, Isis Pharmaceuticals Inc., ITM Solucin GmbH, Jansen, Kantar Health GmbH (CRO), Kartos Therapeutics, Inc., Karyopharm Therapeutics, Inc., Kendle/ MorphoSys AG, Kite Pharma, Kli Fo Berlin Mitte, La Roche, Land Berlin, Lilly GmbH, Lion Biotechnology, Lombard Medical, Loxo Oncology, Inc., LSK BioPartners; USA, Lundbeck GmbH, LUX Biosciences, LYSARC, MacroGenics, MagForce, MedImmune Inc., MedImmune Limited, Medpac, Medpace Germany GmbH (CRO), MedPass (CRO), Medronic, Merck, Merrimack Pharmaceuticals Inc., MeVis Medical Solutions AG, Millennium Pharmaceuticals Inc., Mologen, Monika Kutzner Stiftung, MSD Sharp, NeoVacs SA, Newlink Genentics Corporation, Nexus Oncology, NIH, Novartis, Novocure, Nuvisan, Ockham oncology, OHIRC Kanada, Orion Corporation Orion Pharma, Parexel CRO Service, Perceptive, Pfizer GmbH, PharmaCept GmbH, Pharma Mar, Pharmaceutical Research Associates GmbH (PRA), Pharmacyclics Inc., Philipps, PIQUR Therapeutics Ltd., Pluristem, PneumRX. Inc., Portola Pharmaceuticals, PPD (CRO), PRAint, Premier-research, Provectus Biopharmaceuticals, Inc., psi-cro, Pulmonx International Sàrl, Quintiles Gmbh, Regeneron Pharmaceuticals, Inc., Respicardia, Roche, Samsung, Sanofi, sanofis-aventis S.A, Schumacher GmbH (Sponsoring eines Workshops), Seattle Genetics, Servier (CRO), SGS Life Science Services (CRO), Shire Human Genetic Therapies, Siemens, Silena Therapeutics, Spectranetics GmbH, Spectrum Pharmaceuticals, St. Jude Medical, Stiftung Wolfgang Schulze, Symphogen, Taiho Oncology, Inc., Taiho Pharmaceutical Co., TauRx Therapeutics Ltd., Terumo Medical Corporation, Tesaro, tetec-ag, TEVA, Theorem, Theradex, Threshold Pharmaceuticals Inc., TNS Healthcare GMbH, Toshiba, UCB Pharma, Uni München, VDI / VDE, Vertex Pharmaceuticals Incorporated, winicker-norimed, Wyeth Pharma, Xcovery Holding Company, Zukunftsfond Berlin (TSB).All other authors do not declare any conflicts of interest.

: No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.

: Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.

: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.

: Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in the below listed articles. These studies had independent endpoints from this study. The scope of these studies was the accuracy of targeted and systematic prostate biopsies. Data about PI-RADS lexicon terms in this cohort have not been published before.Cash H, Gunzel K, Maxeiner A et al (2016) Prostate cancer detection on transrectal ultrasonography-guided random biopsy despite negative real-time magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasonography fusion-guided targeted biopsy: reasons for targeted biopsy failure. BJU Int 118:35–43.Cash H, Maxeiner A, Stephan C et al (2016) The detection of significant prostate cancer is correlated with the Prostate Imaging Reporting and Data System (PI-RADS) in MRI/transrectal ultrasound fusion biopsy. World J Urol 34:525–532.Günzel K, Cash H, Buckendahl J et al (2017) The addition of a sagittal image fusion improves the prostate cancer detection in a sensor-based MRI /ultrasound fusion guided targeted biopsy. BMC Urology 17:7.Günzel K, Haas M, Maxeiner A et al (2017) Predictive parameters identifying men eligible for a sole MRI/ultrasound fusion-guided targeted biopsy without an additional systematic biopsy. Urologia Internationalis 98:15–21.Maxeiner A, Kittner B, Blobel C et al (2018) Primary magnetic resonance imaging/ultrasonography fusion-guided biopsy of the prostate. BJU International 122:211–218.Maxeiner A, Stephan C, Durmus T, Slowinski T, Cash H, Fischer T (2015) Added value of multiparametric ultrasonography in magnetic resonance imaging and ultrasonography fusion–guided biopsy of the prostate in patients with suspicion for prostate cancer. Urology 86:108–114.

: • Retrospective• Diagnostic or prognostic study• Performed at one institution