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Article History

Received: 5 May 2020

Revised: 29 September 2020

Accepted: 30 October 2020

First Online: 21 November 2020

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Ning Wu.

: The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.

: Dr. Chang-Fa Xia (Department of Cancer Epidemiology, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China) and Dr. Zhang-Yan Lyu (Office of Cancer Screening, National Cancer Center/National Clinical Research Center for Cancer/Cancer Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China) kindly provided statistical advice for this manuscript.

: Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.

: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.

: Nineteen study subjects have been previously reported in our previous study [Qi LL, Wu BT, Tang W et al (2020) Long-term follow-up of persistent pulmonary pure ground-glass nodules with deep learning-assisted nodule segmentation. Eur Radiol 30(2):744–755].However, the objectives and inclusion criteria of these two studies differed. The previous study focused on the long-term follow-up of persistent pulmonary pure ground-glass nodules (pGGNs), most of which were not resected and pathologically confirmed. In contrast, in the current study, we focused on the natural history of these pathologically confirmed pulmonary subsolid nodules (SSNs) and explored the risk factors for invasive adenocarcinoma diagnosis and SSN growth.

: • retrospective• observational• performed at one institution