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Article History

Received: 21 March 2024

Revised: 29 June 2024

Accepted: 1 September 2024

First Online: 23 October 2024

Compliance with ethical standards

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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is PD Dr. med. Keno K. Bressem.

: The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies: J.N.K. declares consulting services for Owkin, France; DoMore Diagnostics, Norway; Panakeia, UK, and Scailyte, Basel, Switzerland; furthermore. J.N.K. holds shares in Kather Consulting, Dresden, Germany; and StratifAI GmbH, Dresden, Germany, and has received honoraria for lectures and advisory board participation by AstraZeneca, Bayer, Eisai, MSD, BMS, Roche, Pfizer, and Fresenius. D.T. holds shares in StratifAI GmbH, Dresden, Germany, and has received honoraria for lectures by Bayer. K.K.B. reports grants from the European Union (101079894) and Wilhelm-Sander Foundation; participation on a data safety monitoring board or advisory board for the EU Horizon 2020 LifeChamps project (875329) and the EU IHI Project IMAGIO (101112053); speaker fees for Canon Medical Systems Corporation and GE Healthcare. D.P.d.S. is a deputy editor of European Radiology. R.C. and L.C.A. are part of the scientific editorial board of European Radiology (sections: Imaging Informatics and Artificial Intelligence and Urogenital, respectively). These authors did not participate in the selection nor review processes for this article. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.

: No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.

: Written informed consent was not required for this study because the study did not involve original research on human subjects.

: Institutional Review Board approval was not required because this study did not involve original research on human subjects.

: No study subjects or cohorts overlap.

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