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Article History

Received: 23 April 2024

Revised: 26 July 2024

Accepted: 13 September 2024

First Online: 29 November 2024

Compliance with ethical standards

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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Harm Tiddens.

: R.L. is an employee at Thirona. J.-P.C. is an employee and shareholder at Thirona. H.A.W.M.T. is a chief medical officer at Thirona. The remaining authors declare no conflicts of interest.

: One of the authors has significant statistical expertise.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.

: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.

: Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in Hatt et al Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2021. This dataset was collected previously including 21 centers in the COPDGene study. This dataset was not previously analyzed with the automatic bronchus–artery analysis. In the previous study, the dataset consisted of 1205 patients collected retrospectively by a COPDGene substudy (Hatt et al Radiol Cardiothorac Imaging 2021) who underwent FD and RD CT image acquisition protocols. The previous study aimed to evaluate the reproducibility and predicted clinical outcomes of CT-based quantitative lung density measurements using FD and RD scans. CT attenuation at the 15th percentile of the lung CT histogram (Perc15) was computed for all 2410 CTs. In the recent study, the dataset consisted of 1319 patients. The primary aim of the current study is to assess the effect of inspiratory lung volume on BA metrics. The acquisition of the FD and RD CTs per patient, performed within a short time interval in the same imaging session, allowed us to investigate the relationship between inspiratory lung volume on BA metrics. 2638 inspiratory CTs were automatically analyzed by LungQ. For segmental (G0) and distal generations, we measured bronchial outer edge diameter (Bout), bronchial inner wall diameter (Bin), Bwt, and diameter of the adjacent artery (A). From these parameters, we computed the following ratios: Bout/A, Bin/A, Bwt/A, and bronchial wall area/bronchial outer area (Bwa/Boa). Furthermore, total lung volume was obtained from the same software package.

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