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Article History

Received: 7 May 2024

Revised: 30 August 2024

Accepted: 29 September 2024

First Online: 5 November 2024

Compliance with ethical standards

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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Sergio Uribe.

: J.P.M., C.A., C.T., and M.E.A. are affiliated with the i-HEALTH Millennium Institute for Intelligent Healthcare Engineering. The remaining authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.

: One of the authors has significant statistical expertise.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.

: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from the Scientific Ethical Committee of the Pontifical Catholic University of Chile.

: Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in Fernández-Verdejo et al [] and in Meneses et al []. In this former study, which included J.E.G. as co-author, 22 subjects of the current work were included. The prior report compared metabolic health in individuals with contrasting metabolic flexibility to an oral glucose tolerance test. The current study considered the MR data acquired in this previous work for monitoring abdominal fat. The latter study was performed by our study group, and all the data from the 134 subjects considered in that project was re-utilized in this one. In that article, the goal was to design a DL method to calculate PDFF a reduced number of echoes, compared to standard protocols. In the current study, the goal was to achieve unbiased and precise PDFF estimations from images acquired using any echo times.

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