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Article History

Received: 16 June 2024

Revised: 17 September 2024

Accepted: 7 November 2024

First Online: 19 December 2024

Compliance with ethical standards

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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Giovanni Frisoni.

: The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.

: Two of the authors have significant statistical expertise (G. Frisoni and F. Ribaldi).

: Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.

: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained from the local ethics committee (PB_2016-01346, 2020-00403).

: The present study utilized MRI scans from a patient cohort previously involved in several publications not related to this research, including studies on amyloid PET, tau PET, and Alzheimer’s blood biomarkers. Approximately 55 to 245 subjects from the Geneva Memory Clinic cohort have been reported in around 20 articles addressing correlates of cognitive impairment, emphasizing molecular imaging, fluid biomarkers, and clinical features. However, these prior publications do not include the new visual scale introduced in this paper submitted to European Radiology. All of these studies were co-authored by the senior author of the current research (GBF): 1. . 2. . 3. . 4. . 5. . 6. . 7. . 8. . 9. . 10. . 11. . 12. . 13. . 14. . 15. . 16. . 17. .

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