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Article History

Received: 30 September 2024

Revised: 23 January 2025

Accepted: 18 February 2025

First Online: 27 March 2025

Compliance with ethical standards

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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Prof. Lorenzo Preda, Dept. of Clinical, Surgical, Diagnostic, and Pediatric Sciences, University of Pavia; Radiology Institute, Policlinico San Matteo; lorenzo.preda@unipv.it.

: A.R.F. declares no conflicts of interest related to this manuscript. Outside the submitted work, he has received institutional grants from AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp Dohme, and Hoffmann-La Roche. He discloses receiving consultation fees from AstraZeneca and Radiomics.bio, and honoraria for lectures, presentations, or educational events from AstraZeneca, Hoffmann-La Roche, and Takeda. AstraZeneca and Elekta have also provided support for attending meetings and/or travels. D.Z. reports no conflicts of interest in this study but discloses his employment with Siemens Healthcare s.r.l. All other authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships that could have appeared to influence the work reported in this paper.

: No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.

: Informed consent was obtained from all subjects involved in the study.

: The study was conducted according to the guidelines of the Declaration of Helsinki and approved by the Institutional Ethics Committee of Fondazione IRCCS Policlinico San Matteo (protocol code P_20190113422 approved on February 10, 2021).

: Not applicable.

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