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Authors
Bos, Denise https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9585-9787
Wang, Yifei
Stewart, Carly
Chu, Philip W.
Luong, Jason
Haubold, Johannes
Schröer, Benjamin
Zensen, Sebastian
Duong, Phuong-Anh T.
Schindera, Sebastian
Jeukens, Cécile R. L. P. N.
Das, Marco
Einstein, Andrew J.
Cervantes, Luisa
Smith-Bindman, Rebecca
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
US National Institutes of Health (R01- CA181191)
Patient-Centered Outcomes Research Institute (CD-1304-7043, DI-2018C1-11375)
Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft (FU356/12-2, FU356/12-2)
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Article History
Received: 6 August 2024
Revised: 13 April 2025
Accepted: 30 April 2025
First Online: 14 June 2025
Compliance with ethical standards
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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Prof. Rebecca Smith-Bindman.
: D.B., Y.W., C.S., J.L., P.W.C., J.H., B.S., S.Z., P.-A.T.D., S.S., C.R.L.P.N.J., and M.D.: no relevant relationships. R.S.-B. founder of Alara Imaging. A.J.E. reports receiving a speaker’s fee from Ionetix, consulting fees from W. L. Gore & Associates, authorship fees from Wolters Kluwer Healthcare—UpToDate, and serving on a scientific advisory board for Canon Medical Systems USA; his institution has grants/grants pending from Attralus, Canon Medical Systems USA, Eidos Therapeutics, GE HealthCare, Intellia Therapeutics, Ionis Pharmaceuticals, Neovasc, Pfizer, Roche Medical Systems, and W. L. Gore & Associates.
: One of the authors has significant statistical expertise.
: Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.
: The institutional review boards at the UCSF (and the collaborating institutions) approved the study or relied on the university’s approval.
: Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in: (1) Chu et al []; . (2) Chu et al (2023) Correction to: dose length product to effective dose coefficients in children. Pediatr Radiol 53:2165. . Erratum for: Pediatr Radiol 2023 53:1659–1668. . Paper (1) focuses on the selection of reference phantoms, which served as the basis for the phantom selection in this paper. Paper (2) deals with the development of pediatric effective dose coefficients. The effective dose was not reported in this paper. The current study reports a new analysis using a different time frame and total patient cohort from the registry than these previously published works, and for the first time, we have established DRLs for indication-based CT categories in children.
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