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Article History

Received: 7 December 2024

Revised: 4 June 2025

Accepted: 26 June 2025

First Online: 6 August 2025

Compliance with ethical standards

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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Giovanni Brondani Torri.

: The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.

: Stephan Altmayer and Giovanni Brondani Torri kindly provided statistical advice for this manuscript. Stephan Altmayer has significant statistical expertise. No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper, as it is a systematic review and meta-analysis.

: Written informed consent was not required for this study because it is a systematic review and meta-analysis, which synthesizes data from previously published research and does not involve new human or animal subjects.

: This systematic review and meta-analysis followed the PRISMA-DTA guidelines [] and adhered to the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of Diagnostic Test Accuracy []. The study is registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under registration number CRD42024527689. Institutional Review Board approval was not required because this study is a systematic review and meta-analysis, which does not involve direct participation of human or animal subjects.

: No study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported by the authors in relation to this manuscript.

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