Fuster-Matanzo, Almudena https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8667-4011
Picó-Peris, Alfonso
Bellvís-Bataller, Fuensanta
Jimenez-Pastor, Ana
Weiss, Glen J.
Martí-Bonmatí, Luis
Lázaro Sánchez, Antonio
Bazaga, David
Banna, Giuseppe L.
Addeo, Alfredo
Camps, Carlos
Seijo, Luis M.
Alberich-Bayarri, Ángel
Article History
Received: 17 March 2025
Revised: 22 July 2025
Accepted: 9 August 2025
First Online: 8 September 2025
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The guarantor for this study is Dr. Ángel Alberich-Bayarri, CEO of Quibim. He takes overall responsibility for all aspects of the study, including ethics, consent, data handling and storage, and compliance with Good Research Practice.
: The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies: G.J.W. is a former employee of SOTIO Biotech Inc., and reports personal fees from Imaging Endpoints II, MiRanostics Consulting, International Genomics Consortium, Angiex, Immunocore, Kymera, Maverix, Quibim, mbiomics, Accent Therapeutics and SPARC—all outside this submitted work; has ownership interest in MiRanostics Consulting, Moderna, Agenus, Aurinia Pharmaceuticals, and Circulogene—outside the submitted work; and has issued patents—all outside the submitted work. A.B.B. is a shareholder and CEO of Quibim. A.A. reports free from BMS, Astrazeneca, Roche, MSD, Pfizer, Eli Lilly, Astellas, Amgen, Novartis, Merck, speaker bureau for Eli Lilly, Astrazeneca, Amgen and has received a research grant from Astrazeneca. A.F.M., A.P.P., F.B.B., A.J.P., D.B. and G.J.W. report personal fees from Quibim related to this work. L.M.B., A.L.S., C.C. and G.B. declare no conflicts of interest. L.M.S. is a scientific advisor for Serum Detect, Median Technologies, AstraZeneca, and Sabartech and has received funding for research from Median Technologies and Serum as well as honoraria for conferences from Menarini, AstraZeneca, and Roche.
: One of the authors, Alfonso Picó-Peris (first co-author), has significant statistical expertise.
: Written informed consent was not required for this study because it was based exclusively on previously published data and did not involve the collection or analysis of individual patient data.
: Institutional Review Board approval was not required because the study used only aggregated data from published studies and did not involve new data collection or intervention on human subjects.
: Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in the original publications included in this systematic review and meta-analysis.
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