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Safety and evidence of CO2 as a vascular contrast agent as an alternative to iodine-based contrast media in vascular procedures: a systematic review by the ESUR Contrast Medium Safety Committee

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-025-12001-5

Published Online: 2025-09-18

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Wawer Matos Reimer, Robert P.

Reimer, Peter

Mahnken, Andreas H. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8077-9306
Bellin, Marie-France

Bertolotto, Michele

Brismar, Torkel

Correas, Jean-Michel

Deike-Hofmann, Katerina

Dekkers, Ilona A.

Geenen, Remy W. F.

Heinz-Peer, Gertraud

Mallio, Carlo A.

van der Molen, Aart J.

Quattrocchi, Carlo C.

Radbruch, Alexander

Roditi, Giles

Romanini, Laura

Sebastià, Carmen

Stacul, Fulvio

Clement, Olivier
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-09-18

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Article History

Received: 2 June 2025

Revised: 10 August 2025

Accepted: 27 August 2025

First Online: 18 September 2025

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Peter Reimer.

: The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies: Robert Wawer Matos Reimer: none. Peter Reimer: none. Andreas H. Mahnken: Bayer Healthcare. Marie-France Bellin: member of the Advisory Editorial Board of European Radiology (European Society of Urogenital Radiology). As such, M.-F.B. has not participated in the selection or review processes for this article. Michele Bertolotto: none. Torkel Brismar: member of the Scientific Editorial Board of European Radiology (Section Editor: Contrast Media). As such, T.B. has not participated in the selection or review processes for this article. Olivier Clement: Bracco Imaging, Guerbet, Bayer Healthcare. Jean-Michel Correas: Bracco Imaging, Guerbet. Katerina Deike-Hofmann: none. Ilona A. Dekkers: none. Remy W.F. Geenen: none. Gertraud Heinz: none. Carlo A. Mallio: none. Aart J. van der Molen: none. Carlo C. Quattrocchi: Bracco Imaging, Guerbet, Bayer Healthcare, GE Healthcare. Alexander Radbruch: Bracco Imaging, Guerbet, Bayer Healthcare, GE Healthcare. Giles Roditi: none. Laura Romanini: none. Carmen Sebastià: none. Fulvio Stacul: none. Medical Affairs specialists of the contrast media companies Bayer Healthcare, Bracco Imaging, GE Healthcare and Guerbet are consultants to the Contrast Media Safety Committee and participate in all scientific discussions but are not involved in the final recommendations.

: Basic statistics.

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