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Authors
Qi, Haoran
Hou, Yichen
Zheng, Zhonghang
Qiao, Qiang
Wang, Zihao
Liu, Xiao
Sun, Xiaorong
Xing, Ligang https://orcid.org/0009-0003-3051-2146
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82172866)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (82373424)
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Article History
Received: 9 April 2025
Revised: 13 September 2025
Accepted: 12 October 2025
First Online: 31 October 2025
Compliance with ethical standards
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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Ligang Xing.
: The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.
: No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.
: Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board because of the retrospective design.
: The Institutional Review Board and Ethics Committee of Shandong Cancer Hospital have confirmed that no ethical approval is required (Approval No. 2021007018).
: No subjects or cohorts have been previously reported.
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