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Authors
van Poppel, Laura M. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7921-2353
de Vries, Lucas
Mojtahedi, Mahsa
Kappelhof, Manon
Olthuis, Susanne G. H.
van Oostenbrugge, Robert
van Zwam, Wim H.
Jan van Doormaal, Pieter
Beenen, Ludo F. M.
Roos, Yvo B. W. E. M.
Majoie, Charles B. L. M.
Marquering, Henk A.
Emmer, Bart J.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Health~Holland
Nicolab B.V.
Hartstichting (CVON2015-01: CONTRAST)
Hersenstichting (HA2015.01.06)
Ministerie van Economische Zaken (PPP Allowance LSHM17016)
Stryker
Medtronic
Cerenovus
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Article History
Received: 24 July 2025
Accepted: 13 November 2025
First Online: 8 December 2025
Compliance with ethical standards
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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Bart J. Emmer, MD, PhD.
: The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies: H.M. is co-founder and shareholder of Nicolab; C.M. and Y.R. are shareholders of Nicolab; L.V. is employed by Nicolab.
: No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.
: For the MR CLEAN Registry, written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board, though patients received information and could decline participation. For the MR CLEAN-LATE trial, deferred written informed consent was obtained from patients or their legal representatives.
: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained (the central medical ethics committee at Erasmus MC, University Medical Center Rotterdam)
: Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in the MR CLEAN Registry and MR CLEAN-LATE trial publications.
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