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Authors
Beaumont, Hubert https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7624-8956
Cantini, Luca
Saini, Kamal S.
Faye, Nathalie
Gill, Ritu
Iannessi, Antoine
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Article History
Received: 12 February 2025
Revised: 20 November 2025
Accepted: 1 December 2025
First Online: 9 February 2026
Compliance with ethical standards
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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Hubert Beaumont.
: The authors of this manuscript, Hubert Beaumont, Nathalie Faye, Ritu Gill and Antoine Iannessi, declare relationships with the following companies: Median Technologies. Luca Cantini is an employee of Fortrea Inc. and has stock and/or other ownership interests in Fortrea Inc. Kamal S. Saini reports on consulting fees from the European Commission and stock and/or other ownership interests in Fortrea Inc. and Quantum Health Analytics (UK) Ltd, outside the submitted work.
: One of the authors, Hubert Beaumont, has significant statistical expertise.
: Written informed consent was not required for this study because of its retrospective nature.
: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.
: Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in: Iannessi and Beaumont [ ] and Beaumont and Iannessi [ ].
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