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Article History

Received: 6 September 2025

Revised: 24 November 2025

Accepted: 4 December 2025

First Online: 26 January 2026

Change Date: 17 February 2026

Change Type: Update

Change Details: An erroneous affiliation was removed.

Compliance with ethical standards

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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is PD Dr. med. Julian Pohlan.

: Prof. Dewey has received grant support from the FP7 Program of the European Commission for the randomized multicenter DISCHARGE trial (EC-GA 603266 in HEALTH.2013.2.4.2-2). He also received grant support from German Research Foundation (DFG) in the Heisenberg Program (DE 1361/14-1, DFG project number: 213705389), graduate program on quantitative biomedical imaging (BIOQIC, GRK 2260/1, DFG project number: 289347353), for fractal analysis of myocardial perfusion (DE 1361/18-1, DFG project number: 392304398), the DFG Priority Programme Radiomics (DFG project number: 402688427) for the investigation of coronary plaque and coronary flow (DE 1361/19-1 [DFG project number: 428222922] and DE 1361/20-1 [DFG project number: 428223139] in SPP 2177/1), the GUIDE-IT project on data sharing of medical imaging trials (DE 1361/24-1 [DFG project number: 495697118]), the Quantitative Cardiovascular Imaging (QCI) meeting (DE 1361/22-1), and the Future of Medical Imaging meeting (DE 1361/28-1). He also received funding from the Berlin University Alliance (GC_SC_PC 27), from the Innovationsfond of the G-BA for the IMPRO project (01NVF23002), and from the Digital Health Accelerator of the Berlin Institute of Health for fractal analysis of CT and MRI. Prof. Dewey is the European Society of Radiology (ESR) Publications Chair (2022-2025); and the opinions expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not represent the view of ESR. He did not participate in the selection or review processes of this article. Per the guiding principles of ESR, the work as Publications Chair is on a voluntary basis, and only remuneration of travel expenses occurs. Prof. Dewey is also the editor of Cardiac CT, published by Springer Nature, and offers hands-on courses on CT imaging ( ). Institutional master research agreements exist with Siemens, General Electric, Philips, and Canon. The terms of these arrangements are managed by the legal department of Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin. Professor Dewey holds a joint approved patent with Florian Michallek on dynamic perfusion analysis using fractal analysis (EPO 2022 EP3350773A1, and USPTO 2021 10,991,109). Dr. Julian Pohlan is currently working for Johnson & Johnson Innovative Medicine in an advisory role unrelated to this research project. Dr. Anne Frisch reports IGEA travel support. The remaining authors declare no potential conflicts of interest.

: Dr. Kerstin Rubarth is the co-first author and has significant statistical expertise. She is the statistical guarantor of the study.

: Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects in this study through their participation in the survey.

: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained (reference number EA1/203/21).

: Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in Opper Hernando et al [ ], , and in Opper Hernando et al [ ], .

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