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Economic evaluations of AI applications in radiology: a systematic review

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00330-025-12308-3

Published Online: 2026-02-20

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Gregory, Lucy

Lock, Felicity

Harvey, Hugh

Zanca, Federica https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9340-5098
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

EISMEA (NA)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2026-02-20

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Article History

Received: 3 October 2025

Revised: 25 November 2025

Accepted: 22 December 2025

First Online: 20 February 2026

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Professor Federica Zanca. I, Federica Zanca, affirm that the manuscript is an honest, accurate, and transparent account of the study being reported; that no important aspects of the study have been omitted; and that any discrepancies from the study as planned (and, if relevant, registered) have been explained.

: L.G. declares no non-financial interests and the following competing financial interests: employee of Hardian Ltd. F.L. declares no non-financial interests and the following competing financial interests: employee of Hardian Ltd. H.H. has been a recipient of a grant from EISMEA and the following competing financial interests: He is the owner and managing director of Hardian Ltd. F.Z. declares no financial interests.

: Lucy Gregory: Conceptualisation: Equal. Data curation: Lead. Formal analysis: Lead. Methodology: Equal. Writing—original draft: Lead. Writing—review & editing: Equal. Felicity Lock: Conceptualisation: Equal. Data curation: Lead. Formal analysis: Lead. Methodology: Equal. Validation: Equal. Writing—original draft: Equal. Writing—review & editing: Equal. Hugh Harvey: Data curation: Supporting. Formal analysis: Supporting. Funding acquisition: Lead. Methodology: Equal. Validation: Supporting. Visualisation: Equal. Writing—original draft: Equal. Writing—review & editing: Equal. Federica Zanca (Guarantor): Conceptualisation: Lead. Data curation: Supporting. Formal analysis: Supporting. Methodology: Equal. Resources: Lead. Supervision: Lead. Validation: Equal. Visualisation: Supporting. Writing—original draft: Lead. Writing—review & editing: Equal.

: Not applicable. Patients and/or the public were not involved in the design, conduct, reporting, or dissemination plans of this research.

: Institutional Review Board approval was not required because this is a systematic literature review.

: Not applicable.

:

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