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Authors
Englman, Cameron https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8922-2376
Adebusoye, Busola
Cosenza, Michele
Del Prete, Andrea
Dickinson, Louise
Imperiale, Giulio
Leni, Riccardo
Gandaglia, Giorgio
De Cobelli, Francesco
Mallett, Sue
Kirkham, Alex
Moore, Caroline M.
Giganti, Francesco
Brembilla, Giorgio
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Article History
Received: 1 October 2025
Revised: 12 December 2025
Accepted: 28 December 2025
First Online: 6 February 2026
Compliance with ethical standards
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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Professor Caroline M. Moore.
: Caroline M. Moore is an NIHR research professor; she receives grant funding from the Medical Research Council, Cancer Research UK, Movember, Prostate Cancer UK, and the EAU Foundation; she receives study funding from SpectraCure; she has received speaker fees from Astellas, Ipsen, Janssen, and Bayer. Francesco Giganti reports consulting fees from DeepHealth, SpectraCure and Procept outside of the submitted work; he has received speaker fees from Bayer and Siemens. He is also a member of the Scientific Editorial Board of European Radiology (section: Urogenital) and is the guest editor for the “Active surveillance of prostate cancer: MRI and beyond” series in European Radiology —as such, he has not participated in the selection or review processes for this article. All other authors declare no conflict of interests and competing interests relevant to the manuscript.
: Professor Sue Mallett, a Professor of Diagnostic and Prognostic Medical Statistics at University College London, and Busola Adebusoye, a statistician and postdoctoral researcher at University College London, provided statistical advice for this manuscript.
: Written informed consent was not required because the study used anonymised clinical records and magnetic resonance imaging scans collected during routine care and service evaluation, with no impact on patient management.
: Institutional Review Board or Research Ethics Committee approval was not required because clinical records and magnetic resonance imaging scans were routinely reviewed as part of an audit performed for service evaluation of the active surveillance programme at each centre.
: Some study subjects have been previously reported in publications describing the University College London Hospitals and San Raffaele Hospital active surveillance cohorts.
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