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Authors
Avigdor, Lia
Williams, Steven E.
Guimaraes, Alan Ranieri
Wood, Kayleigh
Ramsay, Jenny
Khaing, Phyo H.
Sim, Krystalina
Roditi, Giles
Mills, Nicholas L.
Dweck, Marc R.
Newby, David E.
Williams, Michelle C. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3556-2428
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
The Chief Scientist Office of the Scottish Government Health and Social Care Directorates (CZH/4/588)
Edinburgh and Lothian’s Health Foundation Trust and the Heart Diseases Research Fund (FS/ICRF/20/26002, CH/09/002, FS/11/014, FS/16/14/32023, RG/20/10/34966, RE/24/130012, RG/F/22/110093, CS/18/4/34074, FS/14/78/31020, CH/F/21/90010)
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Article History
Received: 25 November 2025
Revised: 18 January 2026
Accepted: 19 January 2026
First Online: 5 March 2026
Compliance with ethical standards
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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Professor Michelle Williams.
: The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies: M.C.W. has given talks for Canon Medical Systems, Siemens Healthineers, GE Healthcare, and Novartis, and performed consultancy for FEOPS and Canon Medical Systems.
: One of the authors has significant statistical expertise.
: Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.
: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.
: Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in Williams et al [ ].
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