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Article History

Received: 16 July 2025

Revised: 18 December 2025

Accepted: 15 January 2026

First Online: 6 February 2026

Compliance with ethical standards

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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is: Dr. med. Theresia Knoche.

: The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.

: One of the authors has significant statistical expertise. No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.

: Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board for retrospective data extraction and analysis of clinical routine data.

: The study was performed in accordance with the ethics committee of Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Germany (application no. EA4/004/21).

: Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in a preprint: Knoche T, Varlet L, Pohrt A, Danyel LA, Haffner P, Kowski AB (2024) Predictors of visual outcome in idiopathic intracranial hypertension: observations from a retrospective cohort in Germany. Front Neurol. .

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