Document is current

Article History

Received: 19 October 2025

Revised: 7 January 2026

Accepted: 24 January 2026

First Online: 11 February 2026

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: The Guarantor of this publication is Elisabetta Giannotti.

: Ferdia A. Gallagher is a member of the European Radiology Editorial Board, and as such, they have not participated in the review or selection process of this article. Jan Vosshenrich is a member of the European Radiology Editorial Board, and as such, they have not participated in the review or selection process of this article.

: All statistical analyses were conducted in Python (v3.10). Continuous variables are reported as means with standard deviations or medians with interquartile ranges, as appropriate. Group comparisons were performed using one-way ANOVA or Kruskal–Wallis tests with pairwise post-hoc comparisons adjusted for multiplicity. Effect sizes are provided to complement p -values. Multivariable linear regression with robust standard errors was applied to assess independent predictors of energy consumption, and cluster bootstrapping (2000 replicates) was used to test robustness. Annual energy consumption was estimated via Monte Carlo simulation (10,000 iterations). A two-sided significance level of p  < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.

: The study was registered as a service evaluation, and approval was obtained from the Quality and Safety Information System Clinical Audit Team. (PRN13056; ID: 7056). As this was an observational study without any intervention, formal ethics approval and individual patient consent were not deemed necessary.

: There is no overlap of study subjects or cohorts with previously published studies.

: