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Article History

Received: 30 October 2025

Revised: 25 February 2026

Accepted: 1 April 2026

First Online: 4 May 2026

Compliance with ethical standards

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: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Dr. Francesco Giganti.

: The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies: Dr. Francesco Giganti is a recipient of the 2020 Young Investigator Award (20YOUN15) funded by the Prostate Cancer Foundation/CRIS Cancer Foundation. He reports consulting fees from DeepHealth, SpectraCure and Procept outside of the submitted work. He has received speaker fees from Bayer and Siemens. He is a member of the Scientific Editorial Board of European Radiology and, as such, did not participate in the selection or review processes for this article. Dr. Claudia Kesch reports consulting and speaker fees from Novartis, Pfizer, and Bayer; travel support from Pfizer, Amgen and Bayer; grants or contracts from Novartis, Amgen and Mariana Oncology. Dr A.K. Tewari has served as a site-PI on pharma/industry-sponsored clinical trials from Kite Pharma, Lumicell, Inc., Dendreon, and Oncovir, Inc. He has received research funding (grants) to his institution from DOD, NIH, Axogen, Intuitive Surgical, AMBFF, and other philanthropy. He has served as an unpaid consultant to Roivant Biosciences and an advisor to Promaxo. He owns equity in Promaxo. Prof. Caroline M. Moore is an NIHR Research Professor and receives grant funding from the Medical Research Council, Cancer Research UK, Movember, Prostate Cancer UK, and the EAU Foundation, and study funding from SpectraCure. Prof. Boris Hadaschik reports consulting fees from Johnson&Johnson, Bayer, ABX, Astellas, Merck, Amgen, MSD/Pfizer, Novartis, BMS, Monrol, Onkowissen, POINT Biopharma, Ipsen, AstraZeneca, Lightpoint Medical, Telix, and Accord Healthcare; travel support from AstraZeneca, BMS, Janssen, Bayer, and Ipsen; grants or contracts from Janssen, Deutsche Forschungsgesellschaft, Novartis, and BMS; participation on data safety monitoring boards for Johnson&Johnson and ABX. V.P. is a member of the Scientific Editorial Board of European Radiology and, as such, did not participate in the selection or review processes for this article.

: No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.

: Written informed consent was not required for this study because all clinical records and MR images were routinely reviewed as part of an audit performed for the internal evaluation of the AS service, as per the standard of care by the treating team.

: Institutional Review Board approval was not required for this study because all clinical records and MR images were routinely reviewed as part of an audit performed for the internal evaluation of the AS service, as per the standard of care by the treating team.

: Some study subjects or cohorts (UCLH and Cambridge) have been previously reported in: Giganti et al [ ] and Caglic et al [ ].

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