Bodalal, Zuhir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2617-8128
Mendoza Ferradás, Francisco Javier
Maxouri, Olga
Iezzi, Roberto
Gjoreski, Aleksandar
Spiliopoulos, Stavros
Bansaghi, Zoltan
Gonçalves, Belarmino
Zeka, Bleranda
Kaufmann, Nathalie
Taieb, Julien
Beets-Tan, Regina
Pereira, Philippe L.
Muñoz, Fernando Gómez
Funding for this research was provided by:
KWF Kankerbestrijding (Institutional grants (NKI))
Terumo Europe NV (CIREL trial)
Maurits en Anna de Kock Stichting (2019-8)
NVIDIA Academic GPU program
Article History
Received: 9 October 2025
Revised: 22 March 2026
Accepted: 4 April 2026
First Online: 29 April 2026
Compliance with ethical standards
Guarantor: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Dr. Fernando Gómez Muñoz.
Conflict of interest: P.L.P. is a consultant and speaker for Terumo. B.Z. and N.K. are affiliated with Next Research GmbH. Z.B. is a member of the Scientific Editorial Board of European Radiology and, as such, did not participate in the selection or review processes for this article. All other co-authors have no relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
Statistics and biometry: One of the authors (Z.B.) has significant statistical experience.
Informed consent: Written informed consent was obtained from all patients at their respective centers upon enrollment into the CIREL registry.
Ethical approval: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained (IRBd22-317).
Study subjects or cohorts overlap: Some study subjects have been previously reported in PMIDs: 32974773, 39954388, and 36294499. All prior research has focused on the clinical characterization of these patients; no prior medical image analysis study has been conducted.
Methodology: