Kilburn-Toppin, Fleur https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4234-3824
Rothwell, Joshua
Payne, Nicholas R.
Huang, Yuan
Hickman, Sarah E.
Gilbert, Fiona J.
Article History
Received: 15 December 2025
Revised: 13 March 2026
Accepted: 12 April 2026
First Online: 6 May 2026
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Fleur Kilburn-Toppin.
: The authors of this manuscript declare relationships with the following companies: J.R., N.R.P., S.E.H. and F.J.G. research agreements with Merantix, ScreenPoint Medical, Lunit, iCAD, Google, Therapixel, and Volpara. S.E.H. Radiology Artificial Intelligence Associate Editor. J.R. and F.K.-T. supported by a Future Dreams breast cancer charity grant awarded to F.J.G. F.K.-T. consulting for Genesis Care. F.J.G., recipient of the Cancer Research UK Early Detection Programme grant; consulting for Alphabet and Kheiron; honoraria for lectures from GE HealthCare; participation on an advisory board for Bayer; past president (2020–2022) of the European Society of Breast Imaging; current Clinical Radiology AI Lead Advisor at the Royal College of Radiologists; contrast media for unrelated trial from Bayer. Y.H. has no competing interests to declare.
: One of the authors has significant statistical expertise.
: Written informed consent was waived by the Institutional Review Board.
: Institutional Review Board approval was obtained.
: Nil.
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