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Article History

Received: 19 December 2025

Revised: 9 April 2026

Accepted: 12 May 2026

First Online: 3 June 2026

Compliance with ethical standards

:

: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Thomas Kwee.

: The authors of this manuscript declare no relationships with any companies, whose products or services may be related to the subject matter of the article.

: No complex statistical methods were necessary for this paper.

: Participation in the LISS panel followed a two-step informed consent procedure involving both a returned reply card and verification through an online login.

: Data for this study were drawn from the September 2022 round of the LISS panel, an online survey panel designed to provide a nationally representative sample of the Dutch population aged sixteen and older. The panel’s data collection procedures have been approved by the LISS Board of Overseers.

: Not applicable.

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