Document is current
Any future updates will be listed below
-
Authors
Lindholz, Maximilian
Schoots, Ivo G.
Bülow, Robin
Asbach, Patrick
Kölln, Marc
Nolte, Saskia
Alaro, Salina
Ruppel, Richard
Hosten, Norbert
Penzkofer, Tobias
Hamm, Charlie A. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4104-4758
-
Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Siemens Healthineers
- License Information
-
More Information
Article History
Received: 14 May 2026
Revised: 31 July 2026
Accepted: 7 September 2026
First Online: 25 September 2026
Compliance with ethical standards
Guarantor: The scientific guarantor of this publication is Charlie Hamm.
Conflict of interest: M.L. receives funding from the Berlin Institute of Health (Junior Digital Clinician Scientist Grant). C.A.H. receives funding from the Berlin Institute of Health (Digital Clinician Scientist Grant) and Siemens Healthineers and previously received seed funding from the University Medicine Greifswald, personal fees from Siemens Healthineers, Bayer AG, Koelis AG, Bracco Imaging Deutschland, and Lucida Medical, and a grant from the Ministry of Education and Research (01KX2524 [NUM 3.0]) outside the submitted work. P.A. receives funding from the German Research Foundation (DFG, SFB 1340-1/2) and consultant fees from the Professional Association of the German Radiologist (BDR e.V.). T.P. receives funding from the Berlin Institute of Health (Advanced Clinician Scientist Grant, Platform Grant), the Federal Ministry of Education and Research (BMBF, 01KX2121, 68GX21001A, 01ZZ2315D), the German Research Foundation (DFG, SFB 1340/2), and the European Union (H2020 CHAIMELEON: 952172; EUCAIM: 101100633). T.P. additionally declares research agreements (no personal payments) with multiple companies including Siemens Healthineers, Roche, AstraZeneca, Merck Sharp & Dohme, and others, as well as speaking fees from Bayer Healthcare. No other disclosures were reported. Prof. Bernd Hamm, the Editor-in-Chief of European Radiology , had no role in handling this manuscript and finalizing decisions.
Statistics and biometry: Maximilian Lindholz has significant statistical expertise (MSc).
Informed consent: Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects (patients) in this study.
Ethical approval: This study analyzed data from the ongoing, prospective, government-funded, population-based SHIP and was approved by the Ethics Committee at the University Medicine Greifswald (approval numbers BB122/13 and BB39/08).
Study subjects or cohorts overlap: Some study subjects or cohorts have been previously reported in Lindholz et al [ ].
Methodology:
