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Authors
Moreno-Morán, Diego https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2796-2313
Acevedo-Romo, Ignacia https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6867-0922
Häussermann, Verena https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9630-7477
Försterra, Günter https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7081-8690
Havenhand, Jonathan https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6721-7763
Larsson, Ann I. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3268-2037
Waller, Rhian G. https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3884-8819
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Article History
Received: 17 April 2026
Accepted: 5 June 2026
First Online: 25 June 2026
Declarations
Conflict of interest: The authors declare no competing interests. The authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.
Consent for publication: Not applicable.
Ethics approval: This study involved research on animals that do not require ethical approval for their study. All sampling and experimental procedures complied with applicable international, national, and institutional guidelines. Collection of Desmophyllum dianthus was authorised by the Chilean National Fisheries Service (SERNAPESCA). Permit E-2023–042 covered collections in 2022 and 2023, and permit 01564/2024 covered collections in 2024. In Sweden, collection of Desmophyllum pertusum from the Tisler Reef was authorised by the Ytre Hvaler National Park Board and the Norwegian Directorate for Nature Management (2019/48047–4 432.3 and 2019/48047–8 432.3), and permission for scientific work in Norwegian waters was granted by Norwegian Fisheries Directorate (21/18191, 22/13333 and 23/14227). In addition, CITES permits for the export and import of coral were granted by the Norwegian Environment Agency and the Swedish Board of Agriculture.
