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Authors
Abuallan, Mohammad Ayman
Zaid, Mohd Hafiz Mohd https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6734-800X
Matori, Khamirul Amin
Yaakob, Yazid
Al-Nidawi, Ali Jabbar Abed
Efa, Abdelkader Mohammed
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Putra Malaysia (Geran Putra Inisiatif (GPI/2023/9762700))
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Article History
Received: 11 April 2025
Accepted: 3 September 2025
First Online: 6 October 2025
Declarations
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: The manuscript has not been released for publication.
: The authors have given their consent to actively participate in the study and contribute to the research. Additionally, they have agreed to the publication of the results and findings.
: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest to disclose. They confirm that there are no competing interests related to this study.
