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Authors
Shen, Yufan
Zhang, Feng https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9814-826X
Li, Mingjun
Li, Guo
Zhu, Dasheng
Su, Hao
Jiang, Wenchun
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
National Natural Science Foundation of China (52105191)
Cultivation Fund of the Key Scientific and Technical Innovation Project, Ministry of Education (CKJA202101)
Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions of China (BK20201031)
the Scientific Research Fund for High-level Talents in Nanjing Institute of Technology (YKJ201952)
Research and Development of Key Technologies for Digital Twin-based Integrated Monitoring, Management, and Online Trading of Dual Carbon Goals (2022B01011-3)
Science and Technology Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Science and Technology Department of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)
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Article History
Received: 2 October 2025
Accepted: 22 November 2025
First Online: 15 December 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare that they have no known competing financial interests or personal relationships in this paper.
