Saparuan, Mimi Sofwana
Rashid, Marzaini
Pakhuruddin, Mohd Zamir https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5067-6266
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Sains Malaysia
Article History
Received: 21 June 2025
Accepted: 21 December 2025
First Online: 21 January 2026
Declarations
:
: The authors state that they have no financial or personal conflicts of interest that could have affected this research.