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Authors
Albalawneh, Ghadeer
Ramli, Muhammad Mahyiddin
Zain, Mohd Zamzuri Mohammad
Sauli, Zaliman
Osman, Nurul Huda
Reshak, Ali H.
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Universiti Malaysia Perlis
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Article History
Received: 10 December 2025
Accepted: 15 April 2026
First Online: 23 April 2026
Declarations
:
: Not applicable. This study did not involve humans or animals.
: The authors declare that they have no competing interests.
