Dornbier, Ryan A.
Kirshenbaum, Eric J.
Nelson, Marc H.
Blackwell, Robert H.
Gupta, Gopal N.
Farooq, Ahmer V.
Gonzalez, Christopher M.
Article History
Received: 19 September 2018
Accepted: 22 February 2019
First Online: 27 February 2019
Compliance with ethical standards
:
: CM Gonzalez: fellowship support from Boston Scientific and Coloplast. AV Farooq: fellowship support from Boston Scientific and Coloplast. All other authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.
: For this type of study formal consent is not required. This study was institutional review board exempt given the low risk of patient identification using a large, de-identified database. All procedures performed in studies involving human participants were in accordance with the ethical standards of the institutional and/or national research committee nd with the 1964 Helsinki Declaration and its later amendments or comparable ethical standards.
: Informed consent was not obtained for this study, given its retrospective nature and use of a large, de-identified database. The risk of patient identification was low.