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Authors
Carl, Nicolas https://orcid.org/0009-0002-0080-3455
Haggenmüller, Sarah
Winterstein, Jana Theres
Nguyen, Lisa
Wies, Christoph
Hetz, Martin Joachim
Mangold, Maurin Helen
Grüne, Britta
Michel, Maurice Stephan
Brinker, Titus Josef
Wessels, Frederik
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Funding
Funding for this research was provided by:
Ministry for Social Affairs, Health and Integration, Baden Württemberg, Germany
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Article History
Received: 23 April 2025
Accepted: 5 August 2025
First Online: 14 August 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was performed in line with the principles of the Declaration of Helsinki. This study was approved by the institutional ethics review board of the Medical Faculty Mannheim, Ruprecht-Karls University of Heidelberg (proposal number: 2023-687). The presented results are part of a prospective clinical trial, titled Interaction of Patients with Large Language Models (IPaLLM) , officially registered with the German Clinical Trial Registry (DRKS-ID:00034906).
: Informed consent was obtained from all individual participants included in the study.
