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Authors
López-Chaim, Alexandra I.
Holt, Sarah K. https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6302-5502
Holmberg, Mackenzie H.
Kim, Sung Min
Wright, Jonathan L.
Gore, John L.
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Article History
Received: 20 December 2024
Accepted: 15 August 2025
First Online: 4 November 2025
Declarations
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: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was deemed exempt by the Human Subjects Institutional Review Board at the University of Washington (IRB ID: STUDY00014227) and was conducted in accordance with the data use agreement set forth by the National Cancer Institute’s Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results registries linked with Medicare claims. All data is de-identified prior to release, there is no direct patient interaction or intervention and it has been deems IRB exempt the Human Ethics. The consent to participate declarations are not applicable nor can participants provide consent. All research was conducted in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations, including the ethical principles outlined in the Declaration of Helsinki.
