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Intelligent pressure-controlled ureteral access sheath combined with flexible ureteroscopy versus flexible ureteroscopy and percutaneous nephrolithotomy for renal stones less than 3 cm in diameter: a comparative efficacy study

Crossref DOI link: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00345-025-05907-8

Published Online: 2025-09-03

Update policy: https://doi.org/10.1007/springer_crossmark_policy

Authors

Fan, Yunduo

Miao, Chenyu

Li, Yuanxiao

Li, Bin

Li, Shengxian
Funding

Funding for this research was provided by:

the Natural Science Foundation of Shandong Province (ZR2024QH266)
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Text and Data Mining valid from 2025-09-03

Version of Record valid from 2025-09-03
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Article History

Received: 27 June 2025

Accepted: 21 August 2025

First Online: 3 September 2025

Declarations

:

: The authors declare no competing interests.

: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University and conducted in accordance with the ethical standards of the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments. Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.

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