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Authors
Xiao, Bo
Chen, Yang
Lin, Sen
Zeng, Xue
Zhang, Nan
Shan, Zhongjie
Bai, Wenjie
Ding, Tianfu
Li, Jianxing
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Article History
Received: 3 January 2025
Accepted: 21 August 2025
First Online: 5 September 2025
Declarations
:
: The authors declare no competing interests.
: This study was conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the Declaration of Helsinki (1964) and its subsequent amendments. The protocol was reviewed and approved by the Institutional Review Board of Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital (Ethics Committee Approval No. 21025-0-01). Written informed consent was obtained from all individual participants prior to their inclusion in the study.
: All participants provided written informed consent for both study participation and publication of anonymized case details. Specific consent was obtained for the use of any medical images.
